A white-tailed buck with velvet on its antlers at Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield in Missouri, Michael Woods. nps.gov

FALL TREE PROTECTION

One of the benefits of trees is providing resources for our local wildlife. Unfortunately, sometimes our furry neighborhood friends can harm our trees, especially when the trees are young and recently planted.

Some of the most significant wildlife damage that we see in young trees come from deer. Deer cause damage to our trees both from munching on the leaves and rubbing on the trunks. While both male and female deer eat leaves, only males rub tree trunks.

Deer damage on young tree
Why do bucks cause such damage? Antlers, which start as cartilage and eventually harden to bone, start to form on male white-tailed deer in the spring. While the antlers are growing, they are covered in velvet, a soft covering that contains blood vessels to aid in the yearly rapid growth of antlers. The antlers grow through the spring and summer, reaching their full size in late summer to fall. As the antlers complete this growth cycle, the blood supply shuts down and the velvet covering begins to dry up. This dried velvet becomes itchy. So, what is a buck to do? They rub their antlers on trees and shrubs to help remove the shedding velvet. You may think that removing all the itchy velvet would be the end to the rubbing damage, but not quite. Bucks shed their velvet just before the rutting (mating) season begins. The peak of rutting season occurs in November but can last from October through January. During this time, bucks rub trees to mark territory and communicate to other deer, both male and female.
WHAT CAN YOU DO?
The best thing that you can do is protect your trees before damage is done. If you have seen deer, or signs of deer in your neighborhood, protect your young trees. Signs that deer visit your area are, deer scat, scrapes and damage on trees, and browsing damage that looks like foliage was torn from the plant. So, what options do you have? The best answers are to add trunk protection or deer fencing to your tree. Deer tend to damage trees that are under five inches in diameter, so you won’t have to leave the protection on forever. Adding trunk protection can involve wrapping a corrugated or mesh plastic sleeve around the trunk. When adding protection, make sure the trunk is covered from root flare to the lowest branches.
Corrugated style tree protection

While adding a sleeve to the trunk will protect the tree from rubbing, it won’t protect the leaves from browsing. For protection against browsing and rubbing, you can add three to four posts outside the drip line of the tree, wrap wire or plastic fencing around the posts, and secure the fencing. Make sure you are still able to water the tree once the fencing is installed. You can do this by leaving a section of the fencing that is easy to open or that you are still able to access the watering bag or other watering device.

Plastic deer fencing installed with three t-posts